In this unit, in 2nd ESO, we are starting to learn about the past. One of the most difficult things about the past is the endless list of irregular verbs that we have to learn becuase they are the most common verbs (you can check this at the
Red Words game at MacMillan Dictionary Blog). In order to learn them, we are going to try and make it easier for our brains to learn them by splitting them into different groups, as you can see in this great mindmap.
Irregular verbs are irregular because they do not follow a rule, as the adding of the suffix -ed at the end of the verb as explained in
this other post.
We are following the classification of the mindmap above to make different groups to learn these verbs, we start with one word irregular verbs, that is, the infinitive, simple past and past participle are the same:
Spanish | Infinitive | Simple past | Past participle |
Costar | Cost | Cost | Cost |
Cortar | Cut | Cut | Cut |
Golpear | Hit | Hit | Hit |
Herir | Hurt | Hurt | Hurt |
Dejar, permitir | Let | Let | Let |
Poner | Put | Put | Put |
Cerrar | Shut | Shut | Shut |
The next, the simple past and past participle are the same and end in a -t:
Spanish | Infinitive | Simple past | Past participle |
Dormir | Sleep | Slept | Slept |
Guardar, mantener | Keep | Kept | Kept |
Soñar | Dream | Dreamt | Dreamt |
Deletrear | Spell | Spelt | Spelt |
Sentarse | Sit | Sat | Sat |
Obtener | Get | Got | Got |
Disparar | Shoot | Shot | |
Perder | Lose | Lost | lost |
Construir | Build | Built | Built |
Gastar | Spend | Spent | Spent |
Enviar | Send | Sent | Sent |
Prestar | Lend | Lent | Lent |
The simple past and past participle are the same and end in a -d:
Spanish | Infinitive | Simple past | Past participle |
Mantener | Hold | Held | Held |
Oir | Hear | Heard | Heard |
Hacer,fabricar | Make | Made | Made |
Tener,tomar | Have | Had | Had |
Encontrar | Find | Found | Found |
Contar | Tell | Told | Told |
Vender | Sell | Sold | Sold |
Decir | Say | Said | Said |
Estar de pie | Stand | Stood | Stood |
Pagar | Pay | Paid | Paid |
Leer | Read | Read | Read |
2 words, infinitive and past participle are the same:
Spanish | Infinitive | Simple past | Past participle |
Venir | Come | Came | Come |
Correr | Run | Ran | Run |
Llegar a ser | Become | Became | Become |
2 words, miscellaneous:
Spanish | Infinitive | Simple past | Past participle |
Ganar | Win | Won | Won |
Sangrar | Bleed | Bled | Bled |
Alimentar | Feed | Fed | Fed |
Dejar,abandonar | Leave | Left | left |
2 words, ending in -ght:
Spanish | Infinitive | Simple past | Past participle |
Traer | Bring | Brought | Brought |
Comprar | Buy | Bought | Bought |
Coger | Catch | Caught | Caught |
Enseñar | Teach | Taught | Taught |
Luchar | Fight | Fought | Fought |
Pensar | Think | Thought | thought |
Well, we have work to do now,
are you ready?