Modal auxiliaries for my 1st of Bachillerato

My students of 1st of Bachillerato are ending the year with modal auxiliary verbs, so let's review what modal verbs are. They have special characteristics:

• They always have the same form, no matter the subject of the sentence.
• They work as auxiliary verbs, that is, they make their own negative (by adding "not") and interrogative form (through subject-verb inversion) without any other auxiliary verb.
• They are defective verbs, that is, they do not have all the tenses.
• They are always followed by another verb in the infinitive without "to". Modal verbs add some meaning to the verbs that goes after them. We can see this special meaning which corresponds to the different modals in the chart below:

Meaning... in the	Present time	Past time	Future time
ABILITY	can (can't)	could (couldn't) was/were(n't) able to	will be able to
PERMISSION	can (n't) could(n't) may (not)	was/were(n't) allowed to	will be allowed to
ADVICE	should(n't) ought (not) to
OBLIGATION	must have to  need to	had to	will have to
PROHIBITION	mustn't
LACK OF OBLIGATION	don't/doesn't have to don't need to	didn't have to didn't need to	won't have to  won't need to
POSSIBILITY	could may might
CERTAINTY	(positive) must (negative) can't

You can practice modals in many pages, here are some:

- English page

- Burlington Books' page

- A funny game at ESL Games World.

You may find many more in the internet but I think these are enough!! I hope you still work a little, it's just two weeks to go, one final effort!!!

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